Epidemiology of Malaria, Tuberculosis, Aids, and Viral Hepatitis Among the Population in Amazonas, With an Emphasis on Indigenous and Black Populations
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Introduction: The occurrence of infectious diseases can be strongly driven by social determinants of health, such as barriers to accessing medical services, socioeconomic vulnerability, and inadequate housing. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of malaria, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, and AIDS among the population of Amazonas, with an emphasis on Black and Indigenous populations. Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study using a quantitative approach to public data to perform descriptive statistical and temporal trend analyses. Only data from the epidemiological bulletin published on the website of the Amazonas Health Surveillance Foundation (FVS-RCP) covering the years 2021 to 2025 were included. Results: During the period, malaria recorded the highest number of cases (300,755), with the majority (60%) occurring in males. Of this total, 136,313 cases (45.3%) were among Indigenous people and 5,461 (1.8%) among the Black population. The remaining cases occurred among White, *Pardo* (mixed-race), and Asian individuals (141,774; 47.1%). Regarding tuberculosis, there were 19,779 cases; of these, 934 (4.7%) were Indigenous and 626 (3.2%) were Black, with 65% being male. Among White, *Pardo*, and Asian individuals, there were 1,560 (7.9%) cases. As for viral hepatitis, there was a total of 3,024 cases; of these, 153 (3.1%) occurred among Indigenous people and 142 (4.7%) among Black people. Among White, *Pardo*, and Asian individuals, there were 3,024 (9.7%) cases. Regarding AIDS cases, there were 3,720 recorded instances during the period; of these, 119 (3.2%) involved Black individuals and only 45 (1.2%) involved Indigenous people, while the remainder occurred among individuals of mixed-race (*pardos*), White, and Asian backgrounds (164 = 4.4%). Conclusion: Curbing the spread of infectious diseases among minority groups—such as Indigenous communities and traditional populations—requires coordinated actions involving territorial protection, specialized primary care, and respect for interculturality.
Source: Artefactum
Authors: Arimatéia Portela de Azevedo, Hercules Moraes de Mattos, Denilson Moraes Vieira, Bruna Gonçalves Gomes, Maria Vitória Galvão Salgado Oliveira, Jucelia Marques Ipiranga, Erica Lopes de Souza, Aldenora Monteiro Rodrigues, Daiane Teixeira de Sousa Marinho, Maria Clara de Queiroz Braz, Dalila Macielle Barbosa Serrão, Walkiria Maria Maranhão da Cruz, Caty Esbelana Urrego Ditta
Language: English
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7204131940