Capsule-driven self-healing in asphalt pavements: A DEM numerical approach to smarter infrastructure
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Over the years, different methodologies, such as encapsulated rejuvenators, have been proposed to promote cost-effective and environmentally sustainable roads. Although research in this field has typically followed a laboratory-based approach, numerical modelling can enhance the understanding of material behaviour and improve the feasibility of such technologies. This study adopts the discrete-based VirtualPM3DLab software, previously validated for asphalt mixtures, to support the computer-aided design of pavement solutions. Numerical asphalt mixtures, with varying capsule contents (0, 0.30, 0.75, and 1.25 wt. %), were modelled and subjected to tension-compression tests to assess the isolated effect of capsule incorporation on the rheological response of asphalt mixtures. The results indicate that capsules affect the stiffness of asphalt mixtures, with a reduction of up to 12.3 % observed at the highest content. The phase angle showed only minor variation, suggesting that the overall rheological behaviour of asphalt mixtures is not significantly affected, even at the highest capsule content. Nevertheless, the results show that, among the tested capsule contents, 0.75 wt. % should be considered the maximum allowable dosage for self-healing purposes, with the optimal value defined within this limit. Capsule incorporation offers a promising alternative solution in self-healing applications to ensure the long-term structural performance of asphalt mixtures.
Source: Transportation research procedia
Language: English
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7204158096