Work

Sensitivity Analysis of Household Demand and PV-BESS Contributions to Energy Independence

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The integration of domestic Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) with rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) installations can enhance energy self-consumption and reduce reliance on the electrical grid. However, existing studies often underrepresent the effects of weather variability and battery capacity on residential BESS performance and its interaction with the grid. This paper presents a comprehensive, simulation-based assessment of a domestic BESS, modelled on the Tesla Powerwall 2, under varying PV generation and household demand conditions. PV generation data is collected from the rooftop PV system installed at the University of Hertfordshire campus. Data collection was carried out during 2024 on specific days selected to capture seasonal regimes, low (winter), average (spring/autumn), and high (summer) irradiance. Household demand profiles were obtained from a public dataset and categorized into high, average, and low daily consumptions respectively. The analysis quantifies BESS performance metrics, grid import/export behavior, and potential economic savings across nine demand-generation scenarios, evaluated both with and without BESS integration. The results outline the conditions under which residential BESS yields the greatest benefits, offering practical insights into the operational value and cost-effectiveness of BESS deployment in the UK residential sector.

Source: IEEE Access

DOI: 10.1109/access.2026.3727567

Authors: Eheda Hassan, Shady S. Refaat, Mouloud Denai, Amira Mohammed, Ehsan M. Altayef

Institution: University of Hertfordshire

Language: English

Topic: Smart Grid Energy Management

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Climate action, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Sustainable cities and communities

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,075