Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This article provides an up-to-date review of current approaches to the treatment of opportunistic mycoses in patients with HIV infection. This issue is of particular importance in the context of the increasing prevalence of resistant fungal strains and the complexity of antifungal therapy. Moreover, the problem is further exacerbated by the growing number of secondary immunodeficiencies, particularly HIV infection. The authors emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and individualized selection of antifungal agents, taking into account their efficacy, resistance patterns, and adverse effects. A total of 38 studies published between 2014 and 2025 were analyzed, allowing identification of key trends and advances in the treatment of mycoses such as candidiasis, cryptococcosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, histoplasmosis, and dermatomycoses in patients with HIV infection. A major finding is the demonstrated effectiveness of combination and adaptive treatment regimens, as well as the importance of regular antifungal susceptibility testing to prevent the development of resistance. Particular attention is given to the role of antiretroviral therapy in improving clinical outcomes and reducing the incidence of mycotic complications. It was also observed that, despite the periodic use of alternative therapeutic approaches, standard treatment regimens recommended for patients with HIV infection remain effective. However, achieving therapeutic success may take time and largely depends on multiple factors, including viral load, CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, treatment adherence, and the occurrence of adverse events, which may necessitate regimen modification or dose adjustment. In conclusion, individualized therapy selection, monitoring of adverse effects, and continuous improvement of treatment regimens remarkably improve survival and quality of life in patients with HIV-associated mycoses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current advances and future perspectives in antifungal therapy for this patient population, which is of important practical significance for the implementation of effective strategies to combat opportunistic infections.
DOI: 10.17816/eid701967
Institution: Tver State Medical University
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7204164908