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Lichen Sclerosus – Epidemiology, Treatment, Impact on Quality of Life and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches - a Review

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease with a complex, multifactorial etiology, encompassing immunological, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. The disease most commonly affects the anogenital region, leading to characteristic porcelain-white, atrophic plaques that can cause anatomical deformities, scarring, and impairments in sexual and urological function. LS symptoms are variable and include pruritus, pain, dyspareunia, urinary and bowel disturbances, as well as extragenital lesions in keratotic, bullous, or annular forms. The prevalence of LS differs between children and adults, and diagnostic delays can range from several months up to five years, increasing the risk of complications, including squamous cell carcinoma of the genital organs. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical examination, dermoscopy, and, in ambiguous cases, skin biopsy. Standard treatment includes topical glucocorticosteroids, with the possibility of maintenance therapy and adjunctive approaches such as calcineurin inhibitors, laser therapies, or systemic acitretin. Due to the chronic course of the disease and its impact on quality of life, patient care should be multidisciplinary, incorporating psychological support, sexual counseling and patient education. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, therapeutic strategies, and consequences of LS for patient functioning. Emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, monitoring of lesions, and patient education may contribute to improved treatment outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals.

Source: International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science

DOI: 10.31435/ijitss.2(50).2026.5556