Work

Exploring the environmental consequences of Iranian zinc industry: A framework for transitioning towards production-stage circularity

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The exploration, mining, ore processing, smelting, refining, and production of zinc metal within its supply chain have resulted in significant pollution and environmental degradation. This study introduces a novel approach to supply chain management known as a circular supply chain (CSC), presenting a framework aimed at minimizing the environmental impact of activities in the Iranian zinc industry. This research, by focusing on production-stage circularity in the Iranian zinc industry, offers a comprehensive framework that not only identifies relevant factors but also explores their interrelationships, strategies for implementing the CSC, and the resulting implications for the Iranian zinc industry. Grounded theory was applied through 22 managers and supervisors in the zinc business in Iran and identified 42 factors influencing a zinc circular supply chain (ZCSC). The validation of the proposed framework for implementing the ZCSC was done by utilizing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) across 632 questionnaire respondents in Iran. The findings indicate that the successful application of the ZCSC framework leads to adequate financial resources, enhanced company reputation, and reduced environmental harm. The model was tested in Smart PLS 3 software, indicating strong confirmation of the factors’ relationships with t-statistic values at the 95% confidence level, and Q 2 greater than 0.6, 0.4. This study serves as a practical guide for industrial managers, policymakers, and environmental experts in the zinc industry, facilitating reduction of environmentally harmful activities through transition to the CSC. It offers a structured framework for identifying and deploying activities required for successful CSC implementation.

Source: Cleaner Environmental Systems

DOI: 10.1016/j.cesys.2026.100502

Authors: Mehran Ziaeian, Nassibeh janatyan, Khalil Elyasialishahdani, Hajar Soleymanizadeh

Institution: Yazd University

Language: English

Topic: Sustainable Supply Chain Management

Subfield: Strategy and Management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Responsible consumption and production, Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,910