Work

Optimising Urban Traffic Flow through Green-Wave Signal Coordination: Effects on Delays, Fuel Consumption and Emissions in Baku

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: In this study it was investigated how the traffic optimisation can reduce the environmental impact of urban transport. Traffic flows were modelled on a key urban road section, and traffic-light phases were optimised and synchronised to create smoother movement and reduce intersection delays. Data on traffic volume, delay time, fuel consumption and pollutant emissions were collected before and after the implementation. The results showed a 20-25% reduction in intersection delays, accompanied by an average of 15% decrease in CO2 emissions. Fuel consumption fell by 10% for cars and 15% for trucks. Traffic-light optimisation also improved the flow distribution and increased average speed. Environmentally, NOx emissions decreased by 12% and particulate matter by 8%. The findings confirm the scalability of green-wave control for sustainable urban mobility.

Source: Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina

DOI: 10.26552/com.c.2026.048

Authors: Mirhamid Baghirov, Heybatulla Ahmedov

Institutions: Baku Engineering University, Azerbaijan Technical University

Language: English

Topic: Traffic control and management

Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Sustainable cities and communities, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Climate action, Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: diamond

OpenAlex ID: W7204205002