Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) Using Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea) Extract: Effect of Reaction Time on Particle Characteristics
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This study investigated the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) flower extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent and evaluated the physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. Nanoparticle formation was initially confirmed by a gradual color change in the reaction mixture from pale yellow to ruby red. UV–Visible spectroscopy revealed a characteristic Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) absorption band centered at approximately 545.5 nm, with the highest absorbance recorded after 90 min, indicating the optimum reaction time for nanoparticle formation. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified O–H, C–H, C=C, and C–O functional groups, confirming the involvement of phytochemical constituents in the reduction of Au³⁺ ions and stabilization of the resulting nanoparticles. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated the formation of nanoscale particles with heterogeneous morphologies and slight agglomeration. Overall, the results confirm that C. ternatea flower extract provides an effective, sustainable, and environmentally benign route for AuNP synthesis, highlighting its potential as a plant-based bioreductant for future nanotechnology applications
Institution: State University of Makassar
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7204238983
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