A Classical Hydrodynamic Paradigm: The Classical Tests of Gravitation in Flat Euclidean Space
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: The Theory of NeoGravity states a physical cause for gravitation. Space is not an empty void; it is filled, everywhere, by the Ether Plenum. Every body gives off radiation without pause — the Sun, the Earth, a stone in the hand — most of it invisible, across the whole spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays. That radiation carries momentum outward, into the Plenum. The Plenum returns it, inward, on the body that sent it out; Newton’s third law allows nothing else. That returned load is gravity, the Radiative Undertow. It is compressive, so the Plenum settles denser toward a mass, and a body falls by answering to the state of the Plenum where it is. Nothing acts across empty space. In this account the curvature of a four-dimensional spacetime metric describes the Plenum’s settled profile and does not cause it: Newton’s potential, Einstein’s metric and the gravitational field are three names for one state of the Ether Plenum under load. The classical tests of gravitation are assembled within a single flat-space treatment, using ordinary vector calculus in Euclidean space with a universal time parameter and no tensor apparatus at any step. According to the Theory of NeoGravity that is possible because space itself stays flat and the Ether Plenum filling it is what changes near a mass, and the measurements force the Plenum to answer in two ways, not one: light and clocks read it differently, and the ratio between the two readings is exactly two. Its principal structural result is forced by observation. Gravitational light deflection requires a spatial response coefficient of two, gravitational clock rates require a temporal coefficient of one, and the measured ratio between them is exactly two. No fluid characterized by a single scalar property can satisfy both. Setting the common coefficient to two doubles the predicted redshift and contradicts the Pound–Rebka measurement; setting it to one halves the predicted deflection to 0.8756 arcseconds, which the 1919 eclipse refuted. Two independent response functions are therefore a theorem about the data rather than an assumption, and general relativity's own metric carries two in the static spherically symmetric case. The classical results come to five: a solar deflection of 1.7512 arcseconds, Mercury's perihelion advance of 42.98 arcseconds per century, a redshift of 2.459 × 10⁻¹⁵, a Shapiro delay of 232.6 microseconds, and the frame-dragging dipole. Three are independent of the calibrated constants. Black holes are then read as objects of extreme refraction rather than causal horizons, a reading that has still to meet the photon-ring geometry, the ringdown spectra and the absence of a thermal surface signature. Space stays flat and the Plenum filling it is what changes, and on that footing the five classical results are recovered in ordinary vector calculus with no tensor apparatus at any step. Five statements say what the Ether Plenum is. They are set down before any result, in one place, so that nothing can be slipped in afterwards to rescue a number that comes out wrong; that is their purpose, and the reader is entitled to hold the theory to it. The first two say nothing that is not already true of water, or of steel, or of air. The Plenum is neither created nor destroyed; and when it is pushed, it moves. Any physicist would grant those two of any material at all, and they cost the theory nothing. It is the three that follow that commit it. Squeeze the Plenum and it presses back, with exactly one third of the energy it holds; and that fraction is not chosen but forced, because whatever fills it has no mass. Twist it and it answers as a fluid does that remembers, for a moment, having been a solid: stiff against a quick disturbance, yielding to a slow one. And a body holds the Plenum about it denser than it is far away, by an amount fixed by the body’s mass; matter and Plenum trade momentum through that and through nothing else. This, then, is all the theory asks of its reader: five statements about the Ether Plenum, and no more. Everything else in the forty papers is drawn from those five, and where a step remains to be taken, the paper names it. Where the theory agrees with Newton and with Einstein it says so, and in the weak field, where nearly all the testing has been done, it cannot be told apart from either. Where it differs from them it names the measurement that would settle the matter, and where a proposal of its own has failed, the failure is kept in print beside the results, with the arithmetic that undid it. The theory is new, and it is the work of one independent researcher; these forty papers are its case, made as fully as the evidence allows. Every number in them is recomputed by a verification program that anyone may download and run: https://github.com/worldlibrary-hub/NeoGravity.
Author: Guagliardo, John
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7204253149
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