Enhancing Skeletal Health in Developmental Coordination Disorder: The Role of Calcium and Targeted Training in Children Bone Density Development.
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Background: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are vulnerable to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), largely due to limited physical activity and diminished mechanical loading on the skeleton. The present study investigated the individual and combined impacts of calcium supplementation and weight-bearing exercise on femoral neck bone mineral density in children with developmental coordination disorder. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The study was conducted in Yasouj, Iran between January and September 2025. Eighty boys aged 7-10 years with a clinical diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) were randomly allocated to one of the four intervention groups: (1) training plus calcium (TR+ Ca+), (2) training only (TR+ Ca⁻), (3) calcium only (TR- Ca⁺), and (4) control (TR- Ca⁻). The interventions lasted for nine months, with training sessions conducted three times per week with 2 L/day of vitamin D fortified milk (providing 250 mg additional calcium). Femoral neck BMD was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) both prior to and following the intervention period. Within-group changes were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests, whereas between-group differences were assessed using independent-sample t-tests. Statistical significance was established at a threshold of P<0.05. Results: =2.23, P=0.032). Conclusions: The findings indicated that both exercise and calcium supplementation were effective individually; however, the combined intervention yielded the most significant improvement. Accordingly, the integration of weightbearing exercise with calcium supplementation may represent a practical and effective strategy for promoting bone health and preventing bone density loss in children with DCD.
Source: PubMed Central
Authors: Ayoub Hashemi, Elahe Siavashi
Institution: Yasouj University
Language: English
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7204257484