Integration of unsaturated soil analysis and GIS based mapping of collapsible soil hazards in arid regions (Algeria)
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Purpose. This paper aims to synthesize experimental investigations conducted on unsaturated soils from the Djemaa–El Oued region (Souf Valley), located in an arid zone of southeastern Algeria. The research focuses on understanding the geotechnical behavior of these particular and evolving soils, especially the influence of suction on their mechanical response and collapse potential. In addition, the study integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis to better characterize the topographic and hydrological features of the region. Methodology. A comprehensive experimental program was carried out, including physical and geotechnical characterization tests to identify the soil properties. Special attention was given to the unsaturated state of the soil throughout all stages of the investigation. An experimental protocol was developed to evaluate the effect of suction on selected geotechnical parameters and soil behavior. Furthermore, advanced GIS-based spatial analyses were performed, including slope, aspect, hillshade, and contour mapping, to simulate and interpret the topographic characteristics of the study area. Findings. The soils of the El Oued region are characterized by the absence of well-developed structure, heterogeneous texture, high porosity, and good surface aeration. Their mode of deposition has led to the formation of an open and metastable structure susceptible to collapse. The continuous rise of the groundwater table has significantly influenced the urban landscape of the Souf Valley. Experimental results demonstrate that suction plays a crucial role in controlling the mechanical behavior of these unsaturated soils. GIS-based analyses proved effective in identifying topographic and hydrological patterns influencing soil distribution and stability. Originality. The originality of this work lies in combining unsaturated soil mechanics with advanced GIS spatial analysis to provide an integrated understanding of soil behavior in arid environments. The study offers new insights into the relationship between geomorphological setting, groundwater evolution, suction effects, and collapse susceptibility of soils in the Souf region. Practical value. The findings provide a relevant geotechnical database for the Souf Valley and contribute to improved risk assessment and urban planning strategies. The integration of experimental soil mechanics and GIS tools supports more accurate decision-making in construction, land-use planning, and infrastructure development in arid regions.
Institution: Université Larbi Tébessi
Language: English
Topic: Soil and Unsaturated Flow
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7204456715