Mitigating half-wave plate systematics at the map-making level: calibration requirements for LiteBIRD
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Although half-wave plates (HWPs) are becoming a popular choice of polarization modulators for cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments, their non-idealities can introduce systematic effects that should be carefully characterized and mitigated. One possible mitigation strategy is to incorporate information about the non-idealities at the map-making level, which helps to reduce the HWP-induced distortions of the reconstructed CMB. Nevertheless, the non-idealities can only be known with finite precision. In this paper we investigate the consequences of discrepancies between their true frequency profiles and those assumed by the map-maker. We present an end-to-end framework, including a blind component-separation step, and use it to translate these discrepancies into a bias on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r , for the LiteBIRD satellite mission. We subsequently derive realistic and conservative measurement requirements for accurately characterizing the HWP non-idealities to ensure they do not compromise LiteBIRD 's ambitious scientific goals. We find that the obtained results are robust against sky models with varying complexity.
Authors: N. Raffuzzi, A. Carones, M. Monelli, S. Giardiello, L. Pagano, Y. Sakurai, H. Ishino, E. Allys, A. Anand, J. Aumont, A.J. Banday, G. Barbieri Ripamonti, R.B. Barreiro, N. Bartolo, S. Basak, A. Basyrov, A. Besnard, M. Bortolami, T. Brinckmann, F. Cacciotti, E. Calabrese, P. Campeti, F. Carralot, F.J. Casas, J. Chandran, K. Cheung, M. Citran, L. Clermont, F. Columbro, A. Coppolecchia, F. Cuttaia, P. de Bernardis, T. de Haan, M. De Lucia, P. Diego-Palazuelos, H.K. Eriksen, F. Finelli, C. Franceschet, U. Fuskeland, G. Galloni, M. Galloway, M. Gerbino, M. Gervasi, T. Ghigna, C. Gimeno-Amo, A. Gruppuso, M. Hazumi, S. Henrot-Versillé, L.T. Hergt, E. Hivon, K. Kohri, L. Lamagna, M. Lattanzi, C. Leloup, F. Levrier, A.I. Lonappan, M. López-Caniego, G. Luzzi, J. Macias-Perez, V. Maranchery, E. Martínez-González, S. Masi, S. Matarrese, T. Matsumura, S. Micheli, M. Migliaccio, G. Morgante, L. Mousset, R. Nagata, T. Namikawa, P. Natoli, A. Novelli, F. Noviello, A. Occhiuzzi, A. Paiella, D. Paoletti, G. Pascual-Cisneros, G. Patanchon, F. Piacentini, G. Piccirilli, M. Pinchera, G. Polenta, L. Porcelli, M. Remazeilles, A. Ritacco, M. Ruiz-Granda, L. Salvati, J. Sanghavi, V. Sauvage, D. Scott, M. Shiraishi, G. Signorelli, R.M. Sullivan, Y. Takase, L. Terenzi, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, L. Vacher, B. van Tent, P. Vielva, S. Vinzl, I.K. Wehus, G. Weymann-Despres, E.J. Wollack
Institutions: University of Ferrara, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Cardiff University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Suwa University of Science, Okayama University, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, École Normale Supérieure - PSL, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, Sapienza University of Rome, Instituto de Física de Cantabria, University of Padua, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, National Institute for Astrophysics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, University of Oslo, Excellence Cluster Origins, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, University of Trento, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of Manchester, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Université Paris Cité, University of Liège, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, University of Milan, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, University of Milano-Bicocca, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, University of California San Diego, European Space Agency, European Space Astronomy Centre, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Université Grenoble Alpes, Gran Sasso Science Institute, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, International Laboratory for Astrophysics, Neutrino and Cosmology Experiments, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Universidad de Cantabria, Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, University of Amsterdam, University of British Columbia, University of Pisa, University of Oxford, Goddard Space Flight Center
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,290
Funders: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Swedish National Space Agency, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Vetenskapsrådet, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Norges Forskningsråd, Canadian Space Agency, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Nuclear Physics, H2020 European Research Council
Awards: Wide field CMB polarization telescope with cryogenic Si lenses, Development of rotating cold half wave plate for the next generation CMB experiment, G1897041155, 産業モデルの国際的リンケージに関する計量経済学的研究, Imaging the Infant Universe with future Instruments, G3037510059, G4066435496, WE PROPOSE TO ADVANCE THE TRL OF FOCAL-PLANE SUPERCONDUCTING DETECTORS AND READOUT ELECTRONICS FOR THE JAXA LITEBIRD CMB MISSION AND OTHER NEXT GENERATION CMB SPACE MISSIONS. A FUTURE CMB SPACE MISSION WILL MAP POLARIZED FLUCTUATIONS IN THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND (CMB) TO SEARCH FOR THE SIGNATURE OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES FROM INFLATION POTENTIALLY OPENING A WINDOW ON THE UNIVERSE A FRACTION OF A SECOND AFTER THE BIG BANG. LITEBIRD IS TECHNICALLY REPRESENTATIVE OF FUTURE CMB POLARIZATION IMAGING MISSIONS. THE LITEBIRD DESIGN HAS TWO 5K-COOLED TELESCOPES AND IT WILL MEASURE IN 15 FREQUENCY BANDS BETWEEN 40 AND 402 GHZ WITH 0.1 K BOLOMETERS RESULTING IN A POWERFUL ABILITY TO SEPARATE GALACTIC FOREGROUND EMISSION FROM THE CMB. THE 40 CM LOW-FREQUENCY TELESCOPE AND THE 20 CM HIGH-FREQUENCY TELESCOPE GIVE 23 AND 20 ARCMINUTE RESOLUTION AT 140 AND 337 GHZ RESPECTIVELY. WE DRAW MATERIAL FROM THE U.S PARTICIPATION IN THE LITEBIRD COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION SURVEY CONCEPT STUDY REPORT (CSR) TO DEVELOP THIS TECHNOLOGY PROPOSAL. OUR AREAS OF FOCUS ARE: DETECTOR ARRAYS: WE WILL DEVELOP TWO TYPES OF POLARIZATION-SENSITIVE DETECTORS ARRAYS BASED ON TRANSITION-EDGE SENSOR (TES) BOLOMETERS AND BRING THEIRTRLTO THE RANGE OF 5-6. THE FIRST TYPE IS THE BROADBAND SINUOUS ANTENNA-COUPLED ARRAY THAT MAKES USE OF CONTACTING LENSLETS TO INCREASE ANTENNA GAIN. THE SECOND TYPE IS WAVEGUIDE-PROBE-COUPLED WHICH MAKES USE OF CORRUGATED FEEDHORNS. IN THE LITEBIRD BASELINE DESIGN SINUOUS DETECTORS ARE IMPLEMENTED FROM 40-235 GHZ AND WAVEGUIDE-PROBE-COUPLED DETECTORS ARE IMPLEMENTED FROM 280 TO 402 GHZ. FOR BOTH ARCHITECTURES WE WILL IMPLEMENT TES BOLOMETERS SUITABLE FOR 100MK BASE TEMPERATURE OPERATION WITH SUITABLE OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS FOR READOUT USING A FREQUENCY-DOMAIN MULTIPLEXER (FDM) AND WE WILL DEVELOP METHODS TOMITIGATE DETECTOR DEAD TIME DUE TO COSMIC RAY INTERACTIONS IN THE DETECTORS. BY DEMONSTRATION OF A 3-LAYER THERMAL SPRAY ANTIREFLECTION COATING TECHNIQUE FOR THE LENSLETS AND BY DEMONSTRATION OF SILICON PLATELET FEEDHORN ARRAYS AT 400 GHZ WE WILL IN ADDITION ADVANCE OPTICAL COUPLING SCHEMES FOR CRYOGENICMM-WAVE DETECTOR ARRAYS. FOCAL PLANE MODULES: WE WILL DEVELOP FLIGHT-REPRESENTATIVE FOCAL PLANE MODULES THAT INCLUDE THE BOLOMETER ARRAY WAFERS LENSLETS AND SUPPORT WAFER A METAL FRAME AND MOUNTING OF THE SUPERCONDUCTING FDMREADOUT COMPONENTS. THESE MODULES WILL BE DEVELOPED TO A TRL RANGE OF 5-6 INCLUDING A FULL LAUNCH VIBRATION VALIDATION. SYSTEM INTEGRATION: AN END-TO-END DETECTOR SYSTEM INTEGRATION TEST OF INDIVIDUAL FOCAL PLANE MODULES WILL BE DONE INCLUDING READOUT OF THE DETECTORS USING FLIGHT-REPRESENTATIVE WIRING HARNESSES. THE TESTS WILL INCLUDEMODULES OF ALL TYPES LOW FREQUENCY (LF) MEDIUMFREQUENCY (MF) AND HIGH FREQUENCY (HF). MISSIONSIMULATIONS: SIMULATIONS OF THE MISSIONWILL BE GENERATED AND ANALYZED TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF THE DETECTOR DESIGN PARAMETERS ON SYSTEMATIC ERRORS AND OF THE FOCAL PLANE LAYOUT INCLUDING FREQUENCY BAND NUMBER AND POSITION ON THE ABILITY TO REMOVE FOREGROUND CONTAMINATION., EXC 2094: ORIGINS: Vom Ursprung des Universums bis zu den ersten Bausteinen des Lebens, G5402378781, G6480333962, G6766340963, G7942188893, Time-domain Gibbs sampling: From bits to inflationary gravitational waves, Advanced Methodologies for Next Generation Large Scale CMB Polarization Analysis, G8670446301, G8684520763
OpenAlex ID: W7204472936