Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This study investigated the seasonal variations in fatty acid, amino acid, and mineral composition of Ulva intestinalis collected from the Sinop coast of the Black Sea. Samples were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques. The results revealed significant seasonal fluctuations ( p < 0.05). Total fatty acid content peaked in spring (2,235 mg/100 g dry weight [dw]) and was lowest in summer (761 mg/100 g dw). Palmitic acid was the predominant saturated fatty acid (SFA) across all seasons, while α-linolenic acid dominated the polyunsaturated fraction. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/SFA ratio ranged from 0.17 (summer) to 0.61 (spring), and the ω-6/ω-3 ratio remained below 1 throughout the year, indicating favourable nutritional quality. Seventeen amino acids were identified, with leucine being the most abundant essential amino acid, and non-essential amino acids constituting 60% of the total. Amino acid content was highest in winter (11.97 g/100 g dw) and lowest in summer (5.83 g/100 g dw). Mineral analysis revealed calcium as the most abundant macroelement, peaking in spring (6,980 mg/100 g dw). Principal component analysis demonstrated clear seasonal clustering, with spring samples characterized by high PUFA content, winter samples by elevated monounsaturated fatty acids and trace elements, and summer samples by increased SFA levels. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing wild collection timing and valorization strategies for U. intestinalis .
Institution: Sinop University
Language: English
Subfield: Aquatic Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDGs: Life below water, Zero hunger
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,550
Funder: Sinop Üniversitesi
OpenAlex ID: W7204474680