Sub-Photon-Sea Pressure Deficit, Gravity-Repulsion Balance, and a Stationary-Universe Hypothesis —A Conditional Analysis Based on the Sub-Photon-Sea–Sub-Photon–Electron–Photon Absorption-and-Escape Chain
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This paper develops a limited and auditable reconstruction of a pressure-deficit mechanism of gravity within an ontology that distinguishes space from material entities. Space is treated as an unbounded, homogeneous, stationary container that neither interacts with nor transforms into matter. The sub-photon sea, by contrast, is postulated as a material statistical background composed of discrete carriers of energy and momentum. Electron-like mass elements in condensed matter are hypothesized to absorb free sub-photons and reorganize them into directed photon columns that escape from the local system. This conversion may create a deficit in the effective sub-photon momentum flux near matter. An isolated body has zero mean force in an isotropic background. For a two-body system, the directional deficit can decrease as under ballistic far-field propagation or stationary spherical replenishment. If the effective momentum-transfer cross section of a body obeys , the interaction assumes the form , where . The signed net-escape coefficient is not assumed to be positive: it represents the residual of sub-photon depletion, internal multiple scattering, photon escape, and photon back-reaction. Thus , , and correspond respectively to attraction, cancellation, and repulsion. The paper further considers local matter as an open “sub-photon sink–photon source” and asks whether local attraction and far-field outward momentum transport could participate in a globally balanced, statistically stationary universe. No first-principles derivation of , Newton’s constant, or a stationary cosmology is claimed. The purpose is to identify the exact closure conditions, empirical constraints, and falsifiable consequences of the proposal.
Author: Zhang, Chongan
Language: cmn
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7204635019