Year: 2025
Type: conference-paper
Abstract: Against the background of climate change and the change in the phytosanitary status of vines, there is an increase in epidemiological indicators and the impact of phytopathogens, which determines the application of modern biotechnological achievements to combat them. Particularly serious are the losses caused by Uncinula necator, Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea, which attack not only European varieties, but also hybrid ones. Starting from the aggravation of phytosanitary problems, the purpose of this article is to promote biotechnological achievements aimed at maintaining the quantity and quality of wine and grape products. The materials and methods consist of the identification of biological products to combat biological agents will allow the improvement of integrated protection programs in conventional and organic farming systems. Methodological procedures and systemic approaches have been applied, as a tool of complexity management and as one of the essential paradigms of the future. Testing under laboratory conditions and in the field of experiment was carried out in 4 randomized trials, respectively, in accordance with the general requirements of experiments of this kind. The histological analysis of the entities that populate the foliar apparatus of hybrid varieties and the determination of the biodiversity and taxa found in the foci of development of vine leaf pathogens, were the basis for highlighting and identifying a wide range of epiphytic microorganisms. Starting from the needs of reducing biotic and abiotic stresses associated with leaf surface, epiphytic microorganisms are oriented towards the establishment of microhabitats capable of protecting host plants. To survive abiotic stress on the leaf surface, many microbes form biofilms composed of extracellular polysaccharides for cell aggregation and are resistant to drying, antimicrobials and reactive oxygen species, which are important for plant protection. The physical proximity of different microbial species in a stressful environment supports a high rate of horizontal gene transfer, especially for the exchange of plasmids and genes. Particularly important is the secretion of enzymes such as chitinases, esterases and lipases, which can release nutrients from the cuticle and increase the permeability of the epidermis. Epiphytic microorganisms produce siderophores containing iron chelates to increase iron absorption, which is the basis for combating fungal and bacterial pathogens. In order to apply the capacities of epiphytic communities, it becomes necessary to highlight the similarities between epiphytic and phytopathogenic adaptations manifested in the production of plant hormones, the production of surfactants and the suppression of defenses, which cause the environment around pathogens to change, reducing penetration capacities and behaving as epiphytes during early leaf colonization. In conclusion, we mention that the application of the capacities of the epiphyte communities requires the development of research models of the interactions between microorganisms and the host plant, as well as the opening of the paths of biotechnological achievements oriented to the biological control of phytopathogenic agents and the strengthening of plant health.
Author: Leonid Volosciuc
Institution: Moldova State University
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7204691308