Year: 2026
Type: conference-paper
Abstract: The fungus Fusarium avenaceum is a fast-growing micromycete, with a thin, light mycelium, yellowish, pink in color of varying intensity. In 2021, F. avenaceum isolates were recorded on common winter wheat with a much higher frequency in our conditions (11.8 %), compared to previous years. Along with direct economic losses, for cereal growers, especially wheat and barley, the pathogen also poses a food safety concern because it is also an active producer of mycotoxins in grains, such as moniliformin, eniatins, bovericin (Ponts et al., 2020). In our previous research, the specificity of the reaction of peroxidases to fungal isolates was found, which denotes its pronounced intraspecific polymorphism (Lupascu et al., 2023). The aim of the present research was to establish the cumulative effect of the F. avenaceum fungus and temperature on the variability and heritability of growth organs and development of common wheat under in vitro conditions. Material and methods. Four common winter wheat genotypes – Moldova 66, L Cub.101/Bas., L Bas./M30, L Sel./Accent and 4 culture filtrates (CF1, CF2, CF3, CF4) of the F. avenaceum fungus as objects of study they served. Culture filtrates were prepared based on Cszapek liquid medium.Wheat grains were treated for 18 hours with CF, after which they were rinsed with distilled water and placed in Petri dishes on filter paper moistened with water, the seedlings being grown for 6 days under different thermal conditions. In variant I, the temperature was constant: 18-19 °C for 6 days, in variant II the seedlings were maintained on day 2 at a temperature of 8-9 °C for 6 hours. The experiment was performed in 3 repetitions. The data were statistically processed through variance, factorial analyzes in the STATISTICA 7 software package. Results and discussion. In the thermal variant I, 9 cases of inhibition of growth and development organs were found, and in variant II – 29. Only in L Cubani 101/ Bas. were no significant inhibitions of growth and development organs recorded in both thermal conditions. Factorial analysis demonstrated that in the source of variation of germination, radicle length, stem length, seedling length, the genotype share at temperature I constituted 60.6; 60.8; 87.3; 75.2; 77.1%, and of the isolate – 24.3; 18.8; 5.9; 12.7; 14.8%, respectively. At temperature II, the genotype share was 69; 8.2; 61; 26.7; 32.8%, and the isolate share was 16.4; 69.5; 18.9; 51.1; 43.4%, respectively, of the mentioned characters. The heritability coefficient (h2) coefficient varied within the limits of 0.64 ... 0.89 at temperature I, and 0.16 ... 0.79 – at II. The lowest h2 values (0.16) at conditions II were recorded for the most sensitive growth organ – the embryonic radicle. Conclusions. The data indicate that against the background of thermal alternation, the role of the isolate factor of the pathogen F. avenaceum has considerably increased, which denotes the high polymorphism of the isolates, the virulence phenotype of which is amplified against the background of unfavorable abiotic factors, what to consider in in vitro research.
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7204696260