Work

Alternative venous options when the internal mammary vein is unavailable in delayed breast reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator free flap: a case report

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The internal mammary vessels are the preferred recipient vessels for free-flap breast reconstruction, particularly in delayed reconstruction, in which the thoracodorsal system may be compromised. However, anatomic variation, prior surgical disruption, and radiation-induced fibrosis can render the internal mammary vein unsuitable for venous outflow. We report the successful use of cephalic vein transposition as an alternative recipient vein during delayed breast reconstruction with a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator free flap. This case underscores the importance of preoperative planning for alternative venous options when unexpected intraoperative venous insufficiency is encountered.

Source: Archives of Hand and Microsurgery

DOI: 10.12790/ahm.25.0052

Authors: Soyeon Jung, Junghyun Lee, Byeongjun Kim

Institution: Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital

Language: English

Topic: Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques

Subfield: Surgery

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: diamond

OpenAlex ID: W7204748464