The Use of Cold Extrusion with Fluid-Assisted Counterpressure for the Production of Blanking Punch Blanks Made of SHX15-SHD Steel
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: In the context of serial and mass production of products using cold deep drawing processes, the primary objective is to improve the durability of the forming tool, which can be achieved by replacing machining with cold plastic forming during the manufacture of such tools. This work employs FEM modeling using an elastic-plastic metal model to determine the parameters of cold hydroextrusion with variable counterpressure for die punch blanks made of SHX15-SHD steel, and experiments were conducted to produce the punch blanks. For two geometric shapes of punches, the simulation determined maximum fluid back pressures of 200 and 300 MPa, which ensured the hydroextrusion of punch blanks with deformation rates of 40.8 % and 50.6 %, respectively. The dependencies of the extrusion forces on the displacement of the deforming tool, the forces required to remove the obtained punch blanks from the containers, and the distributions of specific forces on the deforming tool were established. The shape and dimensions of the punch blanks after extrusion, as well as the distributions of temperature and the components of stresses and strains in the deformed metal, were determined. The work hardening of the metal structure due to cold plastic deformation was evaluated based on the distribution of strain intensity. The greatest work is performed at the transition from the cylindrical deforming surface of the punch blanks to the conical support surface, which is necessary to increase the stability of the punches during stamping. Experimental studies on the back-pressure extrusion of punch blanks confirmed the results of the calculations. The results of modeling and experiments on variable-back-pressure extrusion for SHX15-SHD steels are novel. The proposed counterpressure extrusion can be used in the manufacture of forming tools from low-ductility die and tool steels for metal forming processes.
Language: English
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7204823231