Work

Hybrid TPP-BESS Grid-Forming Strategy for Maintaining Frequency Stability in the Case of Reduced System Inertia

Year: 2026

Type: conference-paper

Abstract: The transition toward decarbonized power systems has led to the large-scale integration of inverter-connected renewable energy sources (ICRES) and the decommissioning of traditional synchronous generators. This shift significantly reduces system inertia, increasing the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and vulnerability during power imbalances. This paper investigates a hybrid system combining a thermal power plant (TPP) with a battery energy storage system (BESS) in grid-forming mode to enhance stability. Using MATLAB/Simulink and technical parameters from an existing turbogenerator, three scenarios with 0%, 30% and 50% renewable penetration were simulated. Results show that as the inertia constant Hsys decreases from 2.32 s to a critical 1.43 s, the frequency during a 20% deficit falls below the 49 Hz under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) threshold. Implementing virtual inertia control allows the BESS to successfully limit RoCoF and maintain frequency above safety limits. These findings justify BESS grid-forming technology as a vital solution for grid stability under low-inertia conditions.

Source: International Conference on Electronics, Engineering Physics and Earth Science (EEPES)

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2026154008

Authors: Dimitrina Koeva, Dimitar Slavov

Institution: Technical University of Gabrovo

Language: English

Topic: Microgrid Control and Optimization

Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Climate action

Open Access status: hybrid

OpenAlex ID: W7204897657

FWCI:

Cites: 8

Cited by:

Related to: 10