Work

Dystonia 3×3: A Training Guideline for Beginners in Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment of Cervical Dystonia

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Cervical dystonia (CD) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures of the head and neck. The injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) into the muscles involved is the treatment of choice for CD. BoNT-A therapy of CD requires appropriate training, which has not been standardized in Germany. To address the key challenges in BoNT-A education, an expert panel developed a simplified step-by-step treatment guideline for beginners, adapted from the established Col-Cap-Concept ("Dystonia 3×3"). Based on expert consensus, recommendations were developed for the core clinical elements of BoNT-A treatment in CD-recognition of the movement pattern, identification of target muscles, development of an injection plan, ultrasound-guided injection, and dosing, taking into account the target audience of the guideline. As such, Dystonia 3×3 provides a user-friendly beginner's guidebook, enhancing accessibility and standardization of CD treatment training. Further research is required to evaluate its clinical efficacy and suitability for training.

Source: Toxins

DOI: 10.3390/toxins18090378