Therapeutic Potential of Pineapple Bromelain in Ocular Disorders
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Background: Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme complex derived from Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. has been widely studied for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, proteolytic, immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-microbial properties. Preclinical evidence suggests that bromelain exerts protective effects in ocular disorders by attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory signalling, remodelling the extracellular matrix, and modulating immune responses. Aim: This review summarises the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence on the ocular therapeutic potential of bromelain, outlining its mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetic considerations. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the keywords “bromelain,” “ocular,” “eye,” and “vitreolysis” for studies published between January 1980 and December 2025. Results: Experimental studies demonstrate that bromelain inhibits NF-κB activation, increases antioxidant enzyme activity, promotes vitreous collagen degradation, and reduces pro-fibrotic signalling via TGF-β/Smad pathway modulation. Clinical studies, particularly those involving bromelain-containing enzyme formulations, report faster clearance of vitreous haemorrhage, reduction of symptomatic floaters, and improved visual function, with a favourable safety profile. Conclusion: Despite these promising findings, current evidence is limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneity in formulations, and a lack of trials evaluating bromelain monotherapy in ocular disease. Further research should focus on standardised preparations, advanced ocular delivery systems, and well-powered randomised controlled trials to establish clinical efficacy and safety. Major Findings: Bromelain shows promising therapeutic potential in eye-related problems owing to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and proteolytic properties. Current evidence suggests that it may be a very good alternative to clear vitreous haemorrhage and reduce symptomatic vitreous opacities. Nevertheless, additional standardised clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy in ocular therapy.
Source: Journal of Natural Remedies
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7207527403