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Dose- and Time-Dependent Inhibitory Effects of Mancozeb on Viability and Steroid Synthesis of Bovine Granulosa Cells In Vitro

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Mancozeb (MAN) is a widely used fungicide considered an endocrine disrupting compound with potential reproductive toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and endocrine-disrupting effects of MAN on bovine granulosa cells (bGCs) by assessing cell viability and steroid hormone secretion in vitro. Bovine granulosa cells were isolated from ovarian follicles of slaughtered healthy cows at a local abattoir. Cells were then cultured in DMEM/F12 medium and exposed to increasing concentrations of MAN (0 - 100 µM) for 12, 24, and 48 h. At the end of the experiment, cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay while estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations in culture media were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Our results revealed that low concentrations of MAN (0.001–1 µM) did not significantly affect cell viability at any incubation period (p>0.05) while a transient increase in MTT activity was observed at 10 µM after 24 h exposure (p<0.05). In contrast, exposure to 100 µM MAN significantly reduced cell viability at all time points (p<0.001), accompanied by morphological deterioration and reduced cell confluency. Hormone analyses showed that 10 µM MAN did not significantly alter E2 or P4 secretion. However, 100 µM MAN significantly decreased progesterone production at both 24 and 48 h (p<0.001) and significantly reduced estradiol secretion after 48 h exposure (p<0.001). In conclusion, we showed for the first time that MAN exerts dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cellular metabolic activity and steroid secretion of bGC, indicating potential disruption of ovarian function.
DOI: 10.71336/ijvar.770
Language: English
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7207859639
FWCI:
Cites: 26
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Related to: 10