Year: 2026
Type: book-chapter
Abstract: This chapter introduces fundamental knowledge in earthquake engineering, including the amplitude, duration, and spectral characteristics of ground motions, as well as their non-stationary features and spatial variability. Regarding spectral characteristics, it focuses on the power spectrum, Fourier spectrum, and response spectrum, together with the relationships among these three spectra. Regarding non-stationary features, it presents intensity modulation function and time–frequency modulation function models, and on this basis elaborates on four categories of evolutionary power spectrum models. Regarding spatial variability, it explains the basic concepts of continuous and discrete spatio-temporal stochastic fields of ground motions, and describes coherence function models, including the incoherence effect, wave-passage effect, and local site effect, along with their classical models.
Source: Springer eBooks
Authors: Zhangjun Liu, Zixin Liu, Xinxin Ruan
Institutions: Wuhan Institute of Technology, Xinyang Normal University
Language: English
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7212372387