Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This study examined the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity properties of Citrus limon (C. limon). The crude extract of C. limon was evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility against standard bacteria: two Gram-positive, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, two Gram-negative, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and one fungal species, Candida albicans, via Erythromycin, Cefoxime, and Clotrimazole as positive controls. The disc diffusion method and resazurin microtiter plate assays were utilized to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs). Antioxidant properties was evaluated by examining the scavenging ability of the stable 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and cytotoxic was measured by the brine shrimp lethality test. These results indicate differential properties on bacterial growth. This study identified inhibitory effects against tested bacterial strains, with inhibition zones ranging from 11 to 11.6 mm in diameter. The most pronounced inhibition was observed against S. aureus, with a zone measuring 11.6±0.05 mm, followed by Ps. aeruginosa at 11.5±0.07 mm, and both B. subtilis and E. coli at 11.0±0.01 mm and 11.0±0.10 mm, respectively. The MICs ranged from 50 to 75 mg/mL, with significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (MIC: 50 mg/mL) and Gram-negative (MIC: 75 mg/mL) bacteria. The antioxidant activity was 56±0.01, and the cytotoxicity results indicated that the extract had an LD50 value exceeding 1000 µg/ml, suggesting that it was non-toxic. The findings of this study indicated that C. limon may serve as a significant source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds. Keywords: Citrus limon, In-vitro, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic properties.
DOI: 10.67072/1003/13/6
Language: English
Subfield: Food Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7212374727