Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children with Glomerulonephritis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background: Glomerulonephritis (GN) is an important cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. The risk of progression from GN to CKD may be influenced by demographic, clinical, biochemical and histopathological factors. Data regarding these risk factors in Bangladeshi children are limited. Objective: To determine the prevalence of CKD among children with Glomerulonephritis and identify demographic, clinical and potentially modifiable risk factors associated with CKD. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology (NIKDU), Dhaka, with participants recruited from NIKDU, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), and Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute (BSHI). The study period was March 2021 to December 2022 and May 2023 to July 2023. A total of 180 children aged 2–18 years with histopathologically diagnosed GN were enrolled by purposive sampling. Clinical, anthropometric, laboratory and histopathological data were collected. CKD was defined according to kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Associations were assessed using chi-square/Fisher's exact tests, while univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk factors. Results: Among 180 children with Glomerulonephritis, 52 (28.9%) had chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mean age of the participants was 10.48±3.58 years. Children with CKD were significantly older than those without had CKD (13.79±2.92 vs. 9.14±2.90 years; p<0.001). Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the most common histopathological diagnosis among CKD patients (53.8%), followed by lupus nephritis (32.7%) and crescentic Glomerulosclerosis secondary to post-infectious Glomerulonephritis (13.5%). Older age (>10 years), obesity, persistent albuminuria, persistent hypertension and persistent hematuria were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease. On multivariate logistic regression, all five remained independent risk factors, with adjusted odds ratios of 6.108, 16.633, 10.499, 7.975 and 10.615, respectively. Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease was present in 28.9% of children with GN. Older age, obesity, persistent albuminuria, persistent hypertension and persistent hematuria were independent risk factors. Early identification and management of these factors may help reduce the risk of CKD progression in children with GN.
Institutions: Sir Salimullah Medical College, Mugda Medical College
Language: English
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7212397405