The main aspects of laboratory methods for the study of dry eye syndrome
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Purpose. To present modern literature data on the main laboratory methods for the study of dry eye syndrome in refractive patients. Material and methods. To perform the review, we analyzed the search for literature sources on PubMed abstract databases by the keywords «tear film», «dry eye syndrome», «cytokines», «keratorefractive surgery» according to Russian publications on the topic of the article for the period up to and including 2023 year. Results. Dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface that causes visual discomfort, affecting the quality of life and daily activity of a person. One of the important aspects in understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of dry eye syndrome are mutually compatible or independent processes associated with the evaporation of tears from the eye surface or with insufficient tear production. The modern laboratory diagnostics of dry eye syndrome includes examination of tears and goblet cells of the conjunctiva to identify potential root causes of this condition. There is a modern method of laboratory diagnostics — enzyme immunoassay, which is a sensitive and specific method for quantifying inflammatory mediators in the lacrimal fluid. To assess the condition of the water-mucin layer of the tear film, it is possible to conduct a cytological examination of the conjunctiva in order to verify the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome. Conclusion. Thus, according to the scientific literature, laboratory diagnostic methods can be used in combination to provide a comprehensive assessment of the ocular surface in dry eye syndrome, as they can help identify potential root causes of this disease and direct to the development of targeted methods of treatment and management of such patients. Keywords: tear film, dry eye syndrome, goblet cells, histological examination of the conjunctiva, inflammatory mediators, lacrimal fluid, enzyme immunoassay of lacrimal fluid
Language: English
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7212988110