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LC-HRMS Profiling and Antibacterial Activity of Extract and Fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. Fruit

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Antibiotics have been found to treat a variety of infectious diseases, which is a crucial health issue. However, the emergence of drug resistance has created new challenges for researchers. Herbal medicine, especially Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl (as known as Mahkota Dewa plants), can be an alternative antibacterial agent. This study aims to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of water extracts, ethyl acetate fraction, water fractions, and butanol fractions of peels, fruits, and seed of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. Identification of prediction compounds in the highest antimicrobial activity of the samples are also determined. The extraction method used was infusion with water solvent. Extraction was carried out on the peel, fruit, and seed of Mahkota Dewa. These three water extracts were isolated by a separatory funnel using ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvents. Antimicrobial testing using the broth microdilution method. This assay revealed promising activity against both gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919). The most active samples as an antibacterial were ethyl acetate fraction of flesh fruits (EAFFF) with MIC value against E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. acnes were 12.500, 6.250, 3.125, and 12.500 ppm, whereas each MBC values were 12.500, 6.250, 6.250, and 25.000 ppm respectively. Two of the most active fractions were identified by predicting its antibacterial compounds using LC-HRMS. The results showed the presence of 10 predicted compounds in EAFF which had antibacterial properties including 2’, 4’, 3, 4, alpha-pentahydroxy dihydrochalcone 3’-C-xyloside, 5,7,3’4’,5’-pentahydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxyflavone, p-cymene, taxifolin 3-apioside, eucalyptin, 2-(2’-O-benzoyl)-C-β-D-glucopyranosil-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone, (+)-ar-Turmerone, 2-hydroxy-N’-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylene]-2,2-diphenylacetohydrazide, picroside II, and vitexin 2”-p-hydroxybenzoate while n-butanol fraction of flesh fruit (BFFF) showed 8 predicted antibacterial compounds, 2’, 4’, 3, 4, alpha-pentahydroxy dihydrochalcone 3’-C-xyloside, 5, 7, 3’, 4’, 5’-pentahydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxyflavone, glycitein, taxifolin 3-apioside, (-)-caryophyllene oxide, α-curcumene, 6,4’-dihydroxyurone 4-O-rutinoside, and α-santonin.

Source: INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

DOI: 10.22146/ijp.18859

Authors: Mutiara Imansari, Wahyu Alfath Firdaus, Sinta Dewi Sri Anggreini, Taufiqurahman Taufiqurahman, Dwi Larasati Setyaningrum

Institution: Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung

Language: English

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity

Subfield: Food Science

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $200