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Magnetic Fe 3 O 4 -modified mangrove biochar for adsorptive removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP) is a persistent organic pollutant with low biodegradability. Mangrove leaf biomass was pyrolyzed at 650 °C and functionalized with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles through in situ co-precipitation to produce a magnetic biochar composite. XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDX, and BET analyses confirmed Fe₃O₄ incorporation while preserving the biochar’s mesoporous structure. Batch experiments demonstrated enhanced TCP adsorption compared with pristine biochar, with removal exceeding 90% under optimized conditions. Equilibrium was reached within approximately 90 min, and adsorption kinetics were adequately described by both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. Equilibrium data fitted the Freundlich isotherm better, suggesting heterogeneous adsorption sites. The maximum adsorption capacity was approximately 2.58 mg g⁻¹. Adsorption likely involved π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and pore filling. Although the composite remained magnetically recoverable, adsorption efficiency declined sharply after the second regeneration cycle, reaching approximately 20% by the fifth cycle. These findings demonstrate the potential of magnetically functionalized mangrove-derived biochar as a readily separable adsorbent for TCP removal. However, improved regeneration stability is needed for repeated practical application.
DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2026.2728466
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $944
OpenAlex ID: W7213536799
FWCI:
Cites: 45
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Related to: 10