Work

Difficult-to- manage and treatment refractory axial Spondyloarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and determinants

Year: 2026

Type: review

Study designs: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis

Abstract: = 75.7%). Higher baseline BASDAI scores were observed in D2M patients; associations with age and disease duration were inconsistent. Extra-musculoskeletal manifestations showed non-significant trends. D2M-axSpA affects approximately one in ten patients, with true treatment-refractory disease representing a smaller subset. Fibromyalgia, smoking, and HLA-B27 positivity emerged as key associated factors, though cross-sectional designs preclude causal inference. These findings support the distinction between inflammatory and non-inflammatory mechanisms of persistent disease burden to guide clinical management.

Source: Autoimmunity Reviews

DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104188

Authors: Salieva Rana, Esengeldi kyzy Aizhamal, Taalaibek kyzy Gulburak, Mamasaidov Abdimutalib

Institution: Osh State University

Language: English

Topic: Spondyloarthritis Studies and Treatments

Subfield: Rheumatology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: green

OpenAlex ID: W7213636333

FWCI:

Cites: 42

Cited by:

Related to: 10