Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: We propose a quantum sensor network for direct detection of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion dark matter using entangled superconducting qubits. In the presence of a static magnetic field, the oscillating axion field induces a coherent qubit rotation described by an encoding angle proportional to the axion-photon coupling and an unknown dark-matter phase. Treating the phase as an additional unknown parameter turns axion detection into a two-parameter quantum estimation problem. We formulate these signals in Cartesian coordinates, thereby avoiding the singularity that arises in the weak-signal regime and establishing a regular framework for multiparameter quantum estimation. Using this framework, we optimize the quantum sensor network and combine it with Bayesian inference to reconstruct the axion-photon coupling. The optimized protocol accurately recovers the KSVZ and DFSZ benchmark couplings over the mass range $m_a\in[0.1,10]~μ{\rm eV}$, generalizes to previously unseen masses, and remains robust against realistic superconducting-qubit decoherence and gate errors.
DOI: 10.1103/4s26-75w2
Author: Le Bin Ho
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7213675624