Phytoremediation of Secondary Treated Sewage through Constructed Wetland
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Sewage discharge poses a significant environmental threat, particularly in developing regions lacking advanced treatment facilities. This study investigates the phytoremediation of secondary treated sewage using a laboratory-scale constructed wetland system with \textit{Typha latifolia} (cattail) as the primary treatment agent. The constructed wetland (20 L capacity) comprised three filtration layers: concrete (6.5 cm), red sand (6.5 cm), and biochar (4 cm). Treatment proceeded through physical filtration, adsorption, and biological degradation over a 20-day period. Water samples were collected at intervals (Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 20) and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters including pH, chloride, total hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and UV-Visible absorbance. Results demonstrated significant improvement in water quality: pH shifted from 8.2 to 7.4, TDS decreased from 667 to 540 mg/L, EC reduced from 1021 to 885~$\mu$S/cm, chloride decreased from 234 to 172 mg/L, and hardness reduced from 214 to 162 mg/L. UV-Visible spectroscopy indicated a 70.2\% reduction in absorbance at 275~nm.
Authors: YADAVA, PRAMOD, Verma, Shrikant
Institutions: Banaras Hindu University, Poornima University
Language: English
Subfield: Waste Management and Disposal
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7214739743