Physical Properties and Structural Analysis of Activated Carbon Produced from Canarium schweinfurthii Seed Using Phosphoric Acid as Activating agent and Its Application on Dye Effluent
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Activated carbon was produced from Canarium schweinfurthii seed by physical and chemical processes. Phosphoric acid was used as an activating chemical at various concentrations (30–60%). The reaction conditions were optimized at a temperature range of 400–600 °C and a time interval of 20–60 minutes. The raw Canarium schweinfurthii seed and carbonized charcoal were characterized using parameters like bulk density, percentage yield, moisture content, ash content, and percentage of carbon. The uncarbonized Canarium schweinfurthii seed has a bulk density of 0.4348, percentage yield 93 %, moisture content 4.7 %, ash content 2.3% % and percentage of carbon 93 %, while the carbonized charcoal at temperature range of (400 – 600 0C) has a bulk density of (0.4115 – 0.4312 g/cm3), percentage yield (80.82 – 86.48 %), moisture content (13 – 17 %), ash content (6 – 2 %) and percentage of carbon of (74.005–84.510%). The activated carbon was further used to decolorize dye effluent. The experimental data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. After optimization, the activated carbon was structurally analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Language: English
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7217628158