GA-Based PID Control Strategy for Temperature Stabilization in Breast Milk Flash Heating Pasteurization
Year: 2026
Type: conference-paper
Abstract: Breast Milk is the best and most complete source of nutrition for newborns up to six months of age. It contains antibodies and balanced nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, which support infant growth and protect against infections. This study aims to implement the High-Temperature Short-Time (HTST) or Flash Heating method properly through temperature optimization in the Breast Milk pasteurization process. A Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller was employed with a temperature setpoint of 72 °C and optimized using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The proposed system was evaluated through direct experimental testing on a Breast Milk pasteurization platform. The results demonstrate that the PID-GA controller outperformed the conventional Ziegler–Nichols tuned PID (PID-ZN) controller. The PID-GA reduced the rise time by 10.34%, from 464 s to 416 s, the settling time by 6.51%, from 737 s to 689 s, the overshoot by 73.41%, from 2.67% to 0.71%, and the steady-state error by 93.62%, from 0.94% to 0.06%. Furthermore, the Integral of Time Absolute Error (ITAE) was reduced by 23.18%, from 1950734.61 to 1498448.55, indicating a significant reduction in cumulative temperature error throughout the pasteurization process.
Institution: University of Brawijaya
Language: English
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7220719132