Kajian Literatur Sistem Pengolahan Air di Industri Farmasi: Perbandingan Teknologi dan Efisiensi Proses
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Systematic Review
Abstract: Water is a critical raw material in pharmaceutical production, formulation, equipment cleaning, and laboratory analysis; its quality is strictly regulated under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP/CPOB) standards. This article reviews and compares four recent primary studies (2022–2025) covering demineralization, final purification, distribution/storage, and wastewater treatment, supported by eight regulatory and theoretical references. A systematic literature search of national journal databases included open-access primary research articles published between 2021 and 2026, excluding review articles. The findings indicate that ion-exchange resins, electrodeionization (EDI), automated looping systems, and hybrid coagulation-biological-electrochemical treatment are generally effective in meeting applicable water and wastewater quality standards. Contaminant removal efficiencies range from 21 to 97, depending on the technology and parameters measured. Equipment age and material degradation are identified as the main causes of declining system efficiency over time. The review concludes that regular maintenance, compliance with the latest GMP regulations, and sensorbased automation have the potential to improve water quality consistency in pharmaceutical water treatment systems. Further longitudinal, multi-site research is recommended to examine system performance over time and across different pharmaceutical facilities.
Source: Compromise Journal
Institution: Institut Kesehatan Helvetia
Language: English
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7220721663