Evaluation of Perioperative Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Patients with Gallstone Disease Using the ATC/DDD Method at a Referral Hospital in Bengkulu City
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background: Gallstones (cholelithiasis) are a pathological condition with a prevalence of 10–15% in the adult population. Patients undergoing gallstone surgery without signs of active infection generally require perioperative prophylactic antibiotic therapy to prevent postoperative infections, as inappropriate antibiotic use may contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate patient characteristics, patterns, and quantity of antibiotic use among hospitalized patients after gallstone surgery without a diagnosis of active infection at a Referral Hospital in Bengkulu City using the ATC/DDD and Drug Utilization (DU) 90% methods. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using medical record data and total sampling. The study included 147 patients treated from January 2024 to December 2025 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Most patients were female (68%), aged 18–59 years (84%), and had a hospital stay of 4–6 days (57%). Antibiotic use was predominantly classified as Watch, with cefoperazone–sulbactam combination (76%) and ceftriaxone (17%). Duration analysis showed that 69.4% of patients received antibiotics for ≤2 days, consistent with surgical prophylaxis guidelines. Total antibiotic use was 10.40 DDD/100 patient-days. The DU 90% segment included cefoperazone–sulbactam combination (6.65 DDD/100 patient-days) and ceftriaxone (2.98 DDD/100 patient-days), cumulatively accounting for 93%. Conclusion: The quantity of perioperative prophylactic antibiotic use among patients with gallstone disease at the Referral Hospital in Bengkulu City was generally rational. However, a small proportion of patients received antibiotics for longer than the recommended duration, indicating the need for further evaluation of duration appropriateness as an effort to optimize antibiotic therapy.
Source: Jurnal Buana Farma
Institution: Sekolah Tinggi Kesehatan Al-Fatah Bengkulu
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7223561237