Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Background: Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are advanced lipid-based nanocarriers developed to overcome the limitations of conventional drug-delivery systems. Composed of a nanometric matrix of solid and liquid lipids, NLCs offer improved stability, safety, and drug-loading efficiency compared with other lipid, polymeric, or metallic nanoparticles. Their biocompatibility and non-toxicity make them attractive for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Methodology: This review systematically summarizes recent literature on NLC design, classification, structural characteristics, and preparation techniques. It discusses widely used formulation methods for lipid-based nanocarriers and strategies for surface modification to achieve targeted delivery and prolonged residence time. Results and Discussion: Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) show high drug encapsulation efficiency, typically 70–95%, about 20–30% higher than conventional solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Furthermore, NLCs enhance physicochemical stability, improve permeability, and increase the solubility of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Surface functionalization strategies enable controlled drug release and targeted delivery, thereby significantly improving therapeutic outcomes across multiple routes of administration. Because they can enhance bioavailability and protect encapsulated agents, NLCs are particularly well-suited for challenging delivery routes. Their versatility supports applications across a wide range of diseases, including infections, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, hypertension, and pain management. Conclusion: Overall, NLCs are a promising, versatile platform for safe and effective drug and gene delivery. Continued research and optimization may further expand their clinical potential across diverse therapeutic areas.
Institution: Uttaranchal University
Language: English
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $100
OpenAlex ID: W7225107751