Institutional resources and simulation-based training utilisation among clinical medicine lecturers at Kenya Medical Training College
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Simulation-based training (SBT) effectively develops clinical competencies and improves patient safety in healthcare education. Despite investments in simulation infrastructure at Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC), clinical medicine lecturers' utilisation of it remains inconsistent. Guided by Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory, this study assessed the availability and adequacy of institutional resources and their association with SBT utilisation among clinical medicine lecturers at KMTC. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among clinical medicine lecturers at selected KMTC campuses. We determined a sample of 154 lecturers using Yamane’s formula, and analysed data from 153 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions. The study assessed institutional resources across physical, human, financial, technological, and governance dimensions. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The findings revealed substantial inadequacies in institutional resources supporting SBT. Most respondents reported insufficient funding (63.4%), inadequate simulation facilities (62.7%), limited access to trained simulation facilitators or support staff (62.1%), and inadequate technical support (61.4%). Additionally, 56.2% reported limited accessibility of simulation equipment, 51.6% indicated inadequate faculty development opportunities, and 51.0% considered digital infrastructure insufficient. Institutional policy and leadership support received a comparatively higher mean score (M = 3.05). Simple linear regression demonstrated a statistically significant positive association between institutional resources and SBT utilisation (β = 0.574, R² = 0.330, adjusted R² = 0.325, F (1, 151) = 74.272, p < 0.001). Institutional resource adequacy accounted for 33.0% of the variance in reported SBT utilisation. Institutional resource adequacy was significantly associated with SBT utilisation among clinical medicine lecturers at KMTC. Inadequate funding, simulation facilities, trained personnel, and technical support were prominent resource constraints. Strengthening resource allocation, improving accessibility and maintenance of simulation facilities, and institutionalising faculty development may support more consistent utilisation of SBT in clinical medicine education.
Authors: Kennedy Kinyua Njeru, Catherine A. L. Omasaja, Nafisa Bakari, Gladys Ndung’u, Victoria Koi, Carey Francis Okinda, David Wafula, Hellen Mwangi, Leonida Toroitich, Lilly O. Wakhungu, David K. Ngunjiri, Samwel Giteru, Oglah Chepchirchir, Dika Boru, Patrick Ndegwa, Kennedy Kiambati, Felistus Vinji T., Geoffrey Korir, Anastacia Njeri Njagi, Daniel Cheruiyot, Kenneth Njue Njeru, Kamau Riccarda E. Wanjiru, Zippora Okoth, Jackson Mwangi, Janet Mukelule
Language: English
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7225640258