Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This study analyzes the export competitiveness of German automatic data processing machines (HS 8471) in the French market during the 2021–2025 period. As German exports of these products to France declined while French import demand recovered, a multi-indicator assessment was deemed necessary. This descriptive quantitative study utilizes secondary trade data from Trade Map (ITC) and applies the following metrics: Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Export Competitiveness Index (ECI), Trade Intensity Index (TII), Trade Specialization Index (TSI), Trade Balance Index (TBI), and Export Product Dynamics (EPD). German exports of HS 8471 to France fell from USD 2.15 billion in 2021 to USD 1.72 billion in 2024, before recovering to USD 1.87 billion in 2025. The RCA exceeded one from 2021–2023 but dropped below one in 2024 (0.96) and 2025 (0.92), while the RSCA turned negative during the same years. The ECI remained below one throughout the period, with Germany’s share of French HS 8471 imports declining from 18.05% to 15.69%. The TII remained above 2.2, reaching 2.43 in 2025—indicating an intense bilateral trade relationship—while the TSI hovered near zero, and the TBI identified Germany as a net importer of HS 8471 globally. EPD analysis placed Germany in the "Falling Star" quadrant in 2022 and the "Rising Star" quadrant from 2023–2025. The uniqueness of this study lies in its integration of seven distinct indicators into a single product-level bilateral analysis of intra-EU trade. The findings suggest that the competitiveness of the product has weakened, even though the bilateral trade relationship remains robust.
Institution: Universitas Bojonegoro
Language: English
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7225669552