Characteristics of the contemporary spatiotemporal distribution of atmospheric precipitation in the northeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus region
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Problem definition. Global warming observed on Earth in recent times is manifested with numerous impacts in mid-latitude regions. The rise in air temperature affects the long-term dynamics of many climatic elements. Consequently, the potential increase in evaporation leads to a reduction in precipitation, which in turn results in decreased freshwater resources and an expansion of health-related risks. Formulation of the purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the contemporary spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric precipitation in the northeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus region, as well as the effects of climate changes on the long-term precipitation amounts, based on the initial precipitation data for the period 1961-2023. Research methods. The analyses utilized precipitation data (monthly, seasonal, annual, and long-term) from six hydrometeorological stations operating in this region during the specified period. The study was conducted using mathematical-statistical, cartographic, and physical methods. To determine the spatial distribution pattern, the variation of annual precipitation amounts with elevation was mapped using GIS technology. The main material. The results of the study indicate that 65% of the annual precipitation occurs during the warm period, while 35% falls in the cold period of the year. In the region, precipitation amounts increase from the lowlands toward the high mountains. Precipitation, which rises up to the upper boundary of the mid-mountain zone, tends to decrease again above approximately 2800 m. The period when precipitation decreases most in the region corresponds to June-September, during which the demand for drinking water reaches its maximum level. In the multi-year period, 90% of the 10 years with lower precipitation occurred after 1995. However, during that period, an increase in extreme precipitation amounts was recorded. This confirms that the majority of the annual precipitation occurred during such events, while drought conditions expanded during other phases of the year. Conclusions. The long-term average of atmospheric precipitation in the northeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus region (1991-2023) was 451 mm, which is 15% (71 mm) lower than the norm (1981-2010). Maximum precipitation is recorded primarily in Gadabay (up to 1000 mm). The wettest period in the region occurred between 2001 and 2010, while the driest period was after 2010. The sharp decrease in precipitation during summer significantly affects crop cultivation and horticulture in the lowlands, as well as hay farming and livestock breeding in the mountainous areas. It is recommended to plant drought-resistant crops and to use modern irrigation technologies (sprinkler and drip systems) in agriculture. Determining the contemporary spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation in this region is essential for climate change mitigation, adaptation strategies, and the assessment of alternative energy sources.
Language: English
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7225753786