The Relationship Between Arm Muscle Strength And Eye-Hand Coordination Towards Overhead Service Ability
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: The overhead serve is an essential volleyball skill because it initiates play and can directly create scoring opportunities or disrupt the opponent’s reception. Its successful execution requires not only adequate force production but also precise control of movement and ball contact. This study aimed to determine the partial and simultaneous relationships of arm muscle strength and eye–hand coordination with overhead-service ability among students participating in volleyball extracurricular activities. A quantitative correlational design was employed. The participants were 15 students, consisting of eight boys and seven girls, who were selected purposively from the volleyball extracurricular program at SMPN 1 Sepulu, Bangkalan Regency. Arm muscle strength was measured using a 60-second push-up test, eye–hand coordination was assessed through a wall throw-and-catch test, and overhead-service ability was evaluated using a target-based service accuracy test. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product–moment correlation, and multiple correlation with SPSS version 26 at a significance level of .05. The descriptive results showed mean scores of 17.20 ± 2.93 repetitions for arm muscle strength, 13.33 ± 2.29 successful catches for eye–hand coordination, and 54.07 ± 8.17 points for overhead-service ability. Arm muscle strength had a very strong and significant relationship with overhead-service ability (r = .995, p < .001). Eye–hand coordination also demonstrated a very strong and significant relationship with overhead-service ability (r = .992, p < .001). Simultaneously, both variables produced R = .996, R² = .992, and adjusted R² = .991. These findings indicate that overhead-service performance is closely associated with the integration of upper-body muscular capacity and visual-motor coordination. Coaches should therefore combine strengthening, coordination, ball-toss, and target-serving exercises within volleyball training programs.
Institution: STKIP PGRI Bangkalan
Language: English
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7225755414