The Vacuum Bias Required to Remove Domain Walls Formed at the Bounce Ceiling
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This paper computes a consequence of the torsion-regulated bounce for topological defects, using the density ceiling of 9.718e+54 grams per cubic centimetre and the maximum temperature of 3.278e+22 kelvin that follows from it. The ceiling wall tension is 7.538e+32 kilograms per square metre, and undisturbed domination would occur at 1.778e-16 seconds. Annihilation before domination requires a bias energy density of 1.271e+57 joules per cubic metre, a bias scale of 8.835e+04 GeV. Annihilation before one second requires much less: a bias scale of 1.020e+01 GeV, and annihilation before a hundredth of a second requires 3.226e+01 GeV. Even the strictest of these scales is small compared with the formation scale itself, by roughly five orders of magnitude, which is the sense in which the ceiling helps: the bias need only be a modest explicit breaking of the discrete symmetry, far below the formation scale rather than at it. For contrast, making the walls harmless by formation scale alone would require forming them near 1.000e-03 GeV, a factor 2.544e+12 below the ceiling scale, which no thermal transition in this cosmology can arrange. The calculation is performed from stated assumptions with all arithmetic deposited, and it is a computation, not a measurement.
Author: Aldred, William Alexander
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225820355
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