Year: 1992
Type: report
Abstract: A northwest-trending valley in the bedrock surface is buried by firm Pleistocene bay clay, dense to very dense Pleistocene sand, soft Holocene bay deposits, loose to dense Holocene beach and dune sands, and artificial fill that have an aggregate maximum thickness of about 90 m.Depth to the ground-water table is generally less than 2.7 m (9 ft) except in one area of thick dune sand; the groundwater table is quite shallow in some places where no surface effects of liquefaction related to the earthquake were reported.Artificial filling of a cove at the site of the Marina District proceeded gradually from the late 1860's to 1912, when major hydraulic filling was done for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition.The remains of thousands of piles driven for the exposition probably still exist and may have affected long-term ground settlement and earthquake-related ground displacements.Previous studies suggest that ground motion was amplified on both natural and artificially filled ground because of the configuration of the bedrock surface and the position and thickness of various clay and sand deposits underlying the fill, but that most of the settlement, liquefaction, and damage to pipelines* building foundations, streets, sidewalks, and curbs occurred in areas of artificial fill consisting mainly of loose sand. EXPLANATION FOR FIGURES 5 THROUGH 7 1912 hydraulic fill
Source: USGS professional paper
DOI: 10.3133/pp1551f
Authors: Thomas D. O'Rourke, M. G. Bonilla, John Boatwright, Linda C. Seekins, Thomas E. Fumal, Hsi-Ping Liu, Charles S. Mueller, Richard E. Warrick, Robert E. Westerlund, Eugene D. Sembera, Leif Wennerberg, Harry E. Stewart, Ashraf K. Hussein, J. -P. Bardet, M. Kapuskar, G. R. Martin, J. Proubet, H. T. Taylor, J.T. Cameron, S. Vahdani, H. Yap, Jonathan W. Pease, Stephen K. Harris, John A. Egan, Charles R. Scawthorn, Keith A. Porter, Frank T. Blackburn
Language: English
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W99501459