Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inside Outside Circle (ioc) Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Peserta Didik Pada Mata Pelajaran Ipas Materi Perubahan Wujud Benda Kelas Iv Sekolah Dasar
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This study was motivated by the low level of understanding among fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 106 Aek Galoga in the Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subject, specifically on the topic of changes in the form of matter; an initial observation found that only 11 of 28 students (39.3%) had adequately grasped the material. Teacher-centred instruction left students passive, reluctant to voice opinions, and unable to grasp the underlying concepts. This study aimed to describe the implementation of the Inside Outside Circle (IOC) cooperative learning model and to determine the resulting improvement in students' understanding. A Classroom Action Research (CAR) design following the Kemmis and Mc Taggart model was employed across two cycles, each comprising planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects were 28 fourth-grade students. Data were collected through observation sheets for teacher and student activity and a multiple-choice comprehension test. The results show a consistent upward trend at every stage: mastery learning rose from 39.3% at baseline to 50% in Cycle I and 89.3% in Cycle II; the mean comprehension score increased from 69.82 in Cycle I to 84.82 in Cycle II (a 15-point gain); teacher performance rose from 91.66% to 95.83%; and student engagement rose sharply from 50% to 95%. These findings reinforce empirical evidence that the IOC model, through its rotating paired information-exchange mechanism, activates students' social interaction and fosters the collaborative construction of scientific understanding. The study recommends IOC as an alternative instructional strategy for elementary science education, particularly for concrete topics closely tied to students' everyday experience.
Authors: Maya Sari, Rica Umrina Lubis, Arafatul Soraya
Institution: Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal
Language: English
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
SDG: Quality education
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7223703067