A Preliminary psychometric evaluation of a modified Turkish version of the consumer ethnocentrism scale among university students
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: The primary purpose of the current study was to adapt the Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale (CES) into Turkish, a measure of consumers’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioural preferences regarding domestic versus imported products. Consumer ethnocentrism, as an attitude construct rooted in social identity mechanisms and intergroup dynamics, has significant implications for grasping domestic product preference and the strategic avoidance of imported goods. With its unique sociocultural context, shaped by rising national identity and collective in-group identification, Turkey provides a rich and stimulating context for cross-cultural scale validation. The psychometric properties of the adapted scale were assessed by collecting data from two distinct student groups. While the initial study group comprised of 394 university students, the second group only consisted of 237 students. Construct validity of the scale was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with the data gathered from the first group. Subsequently, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on a second sample to assess the structural validity and replicability of the factor model derived from the EFA. The average variance extracted and composite reliability were calculated to provide evidence of internal convergence within the measurement model. EFA yielded a modified 14-item Turkish version organised in three dimensions. This shortened version reproduces the three-factor structure of the CES, with factor loadings ranging from 0.66 to 0.88, accounting for 73.176% of the total variance. Furthermore, the CFA confirmed the three-dimensional model with goodness-of-fit indices within acceptable to excellent parameters (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.071). These findings indicate that the CES-TR has a replicable three-factor structure and adequate internal consistency for measuring consumers’ cognitive biases, affective responses, and behavioural tendencies concerning domestic and imported goods and services. This tri-dimensional model offers psychological researchers a validated instrument for assessing the attitudinal roots of domestic product preference and intergroup economic behaviour in Turkish-speaking populations. Not applicable.
Source: BMC Psychology
Authors: Ozan Saray, Niyazi Özer
Institution: Inonu University
Language: English
Subfield: Marketing
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,990
OpenAlex ID: W7225342816