Conservation in place: perceived pay inequity as a chronic occupational stressor in a high-unemployment labor market
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Perceived pay inequity is well established as a predictor of turnover intention, but less is known about how employees respond to it when they stay. Using the exit–voice–loyalty–neglect (EVLN) framework to interpret employees' responses, and conservation of resources and effort–reward imbalance theories to explain what those responses cost, this study examined how employees in a South African fast-moving consumer goods organization, situated in a labor market with high unemployment, experience and respond to perceived pay inequity. The study is a secondary analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted for a master's dissertation with ten permanent employees and managers at the head office of a large organization in Gauteng province. Transcripts were re-analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The study makes three contributions. First, it shows that perceived pay inequity is relational in two directions: participants judged their pay against others, but also against their own past, registering unfairness when their workload grew faster than their pay. Second, it shows that the most prominent response, a deliberate withdrawal of discretionary effort while remaining in post, is better understood as defensive than as affective loyalty: participants described staying not as attachment or patient optimism but as a position from which they recalculated what they owed and protected what remained. The two participants who sustained full effort anchored it in a personal standard or in team relationships rather than in the pay exchange. Third, it identifies line-manager acknowledgment, rather than recognition or formal wellbeing provision, as the resource participants associated with sustaining voice rather than silence; where concerns met ‘deaf ears', voice gave way to silence and withdrawal. Within the limits of a small, single-organization sample, the findings add a motivational dimension to the EVLN framework, distinguishing defensive from affective loyalty, and suggest that where leaving is costly, stable retention may conceal the cost of perceived pay inequity.
Authors: Kiara Nyanhongo, Calvin Mabaso, Mark Bussin
Institution: University of Johannesburg
Language: English
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,353
OpenAlex ID: W7225751638