Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities
Description: This cluster of papers explores the global phenomenon of shadow education, focusing on private tutoring, supplementary education demand, inequality in schooling systems, parental involvement, and academic achievement. It includes cross-national comparisons and discussions on policy responses to the growing prevalence of shadow education.
Characteristic keywords: private tutoring, shadow education, Double Reduction policy, cram schools, after-school tutoring, private supplementary tutoring, extracurricular tutoring, private education expenditure, supplementary tutoring, tutoring industry, household education expenditure, tutoring costs, student academic burden, juku, supplemental educational services, private tutoring costs, household education spending, after-school classes, tutoring schools, parental education expenditure, private school fees, English tutoring, family education expenditure, private education market, education fever
Sibling topics: Family Dynamics and Relationships, Retirement, Disability, and Employment, Diaspora, migration, transnational identity, Technology Use by Older Adults, Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management, Culture, Economy, and Development Studies, Workplace Spirituality and Leadership, Elder Abuse and Neglect, History and Politics in Latin America, Island Studies and Pacific Affairs, Migration, Aging, and Tourism Studies, Youth, Drugs, and Violence, SMEs Development and Digital Marketing, Historical Studies in Latin America, Science, Technology, and Education in Latin America, Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends, Jewish Identity and Society, Tourism, Volunteerism, and Development, Cyberloafing and Workplace Behavior, Sociopolitical Dynamics in Nepal, Knowledge Societies in the 21st Century, Agricultural and Environmental Management, Evasion and Academic Success Factors, Migration, Policy, and Dickens Studies, Education and Work Dynamics, Migration, Health, Geopolitics, Historical Geography
Parent subfield: Demography
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
OpenAlex ID: T13566