Work

User-in-the-loop adaptive mechanostimulation using structurally engineered hybrid piezoresistive force sensing

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Repetitive stooping in labor-intensive work induces back muscle fatigue, requiring precise adaptive mechanostimulation. Existing systems suffer from inaccurate force and preload detection, resulting in unstable contact and inconsistent pressure delivery. Here, we present a sensing-driven adaptive mechanostimulation system based on a hybrid piezoresistive force sensor. The sensor integrates a pyramid-microstructured element for high-sensitivity preload detection and a bulk composite element enabling wide force range sensing. The system incorporates a lightweight cable-driven positioning module, a soft therapy actuator, and a wearable robotic framework. This architecture enables precise stimulation of fatigue-related muscles identified via multichannel surface electromyography, while the hybrid sensor provides preload calibration and real-time force regulation, improving contact stability and therapeutic precision. In a controlled study with 15 participants, the system demonstrates significantly better recovery outcomes than thermal stimulation ( p = 0.0025) and preprogrammed mechanostimulation ( p = 0.0003). This work establishes a sensing-driven adaptive mechanostimulation paradigm for interactive fatigue rehabilitation.

Source: Cell Reports Physical Science

DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2026.103505